Home > Conditions > Sinusitis
Sinusitis in Singapore
Nasal complaints are among the most common conditions for which patients seek medical care, including nasal congestion, runny nose, post nasal drip, and nose bleeds. As a sinus doctor and sinus specialists in Singapore, we will ensure an accurate diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan to solve all your nose and sinus issues.
What is Sinusitis?
Sinusitis refers to the inflammation of the lining of the sinuses, which are air-filled spaces in the skull located behind the forehead, cheeks and eyes. This condition often develops following a cold, allergies, or infections. When the sinuses become blocked and filled with fluid, bacteria or viruses can grow and lead to infection.
There are two main forms:
- Acute sinusitis: Short-term, lasting up to four weeks
- Chronic sinusitis: Persists for more than 12 weeks despite medical treatment
In Singapore’s humid climate, sinusitis is a common concern and may be recurrent if not properly managed.
What are the Symptoms of Sinusitis
Sinusitis, an inflammation of the sinuses, can cause a range of symptoms that affect the quality of life. Common symptoms include:
Nasal Congestion
A blocked or stuffy nose is one of the most common signs of sinusitis, making it difficult to breathe through the nose.
Facial Pain and Pressure
Many people with sinusitis experience pain or tenderness around the eyes, cheeks, and forehead. This pain may worsen when bending over or touching the face.
Headache
Sinus headaches are often felt in the forehead, temples, and behind the eyes, and can be accompanied by a dull, persistent ache.
Post-nasal Drip
This occurs when mucus from the sinuses drips down the back of the throat, causing irritation, coughing, and a sore throat.
Reduced Sense of Smell or Taste
Blocked sinuses can lead to a temporary loss or reduction in the ability to smell or taste.
Fever
In some cases, sinusitis may cause mild fever or a general feeling of being unwell.
Fatigue
Due to discomfort and difficulty breathing, people with sinusitis often feel unusually tired or fatigued.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is essential to consult a sinus doctor in Singapore for proper diagnosis and treatment. A sinus specialist in Singapore can help determine the best course of action, which may include medication, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgery to alleviate chronic symptoms. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve quality of life.
What Are The Different Types Of Sinus Infections (Sinusitis)?
Sinusitis refers to inflammation or infection of the sinus lining. It is generally classified into two main types: acute sinusitis and chronic sinusitis, each with distinct features and management approaches.
Acute Sinusitis
Acute sinusitis typically lasts for a short period, usually less than four weeks. It is most often triggered by a viral upper-respiratory infection such as a cold, although bacterial infections can also occur.
Common symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, headache, post-nasal drip, and a reduced sense of smell. Most cases are self-limiting and improve with supportive care such as nasal saline rinses or symptom-relief medication. A doctor may prescribe antibiotics if there is evidence of a bacterial infection.
Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis persists for 12 weeks or longer, even with appropriate medical treatment. It may result from ongoing inflammation, recurrent infections, or structural conditions such as a deviated nasal septum or nasal polyps. Symptoms often overlap with those of acute sinusitis but are more persistent, and can include constant nasal blockage, facial pressure, thick nasal discharge, and a chronic cough. Management may involve long-term medication, nasal irrigation, or, when indicated, surgical treatment by a sinus surgeon in Singapore to improve sinus ventilation and drainage.
What Causes Sinusitis in Singapore
Viral or Bacterial Infection After Flu or Cold
Sinusitis often develops when viral or bacterial infections following a common cold cause sinus lining inflammation and mucus buildup.
Untreated Allergic Rhinitis (Nose Allergy)
Ongoing nasal allergies can block sinus openings and trap mucus, increasing the likelihood of infection or chronic inflammation.
Structural Issues Such as Deviated Septum or Nasal Polyps
Anatomic irregularities can obstruct sinus drainage and predispose individuals to recurrent sinusitis.
Environmental Factors (Humidity, Air-Conditioning, Pollution)
Singapore’s humid climate, combined with prolonged air-conditioning exposure or air pollution, may worsen sinus symptoms in susceptible individuals.
Smoking Exposure
Tobacco smoke irritates the nasal passages, impairing the natural clearance of mucus and heightening infection risk.
Individuals with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or immunocompromised conditions are at higher risk of developing sinusitis and may benefit from early evaluation by a sinus doctor in Singapore.
How Sinus Specialists Diagnose Sinus Infections
-
-
Clinical History and Physical Examination
The doctor reviews the duration of symptoms, possible triggers, and medical history, followed by inspection of the nasal cavity. -
Nasal Endoscopy (Tiny Camera Inspection)
A nasal endoscopy uses a fine flexible scope to visualise the nasal passages, sinus openings, and mucosal condition in real time. -
CT Scan to Assess Sinus Blockage
Imaging, such as a CT scan, provides detailed information on sinus structure, obstruction, or anatomical variations that may require further treatment. -
Allergy Testing for Chronic or Recurrent Sinusitis
If recurrent symptoms are suspected to be allergy-related, tests such as a skin prick or IgE blood test may be performed to identify potential allergens.
-
What Complications Can Occur If Sinusitis Is Left Untreated
Recurrent or Chronic Sinus Infections
Ongoing inflammation may lead to repeated episodes of sinus infection requiring long-term management.
Ear Infections or Hearing Issues
Eustachian-tube blockage can cause fluid accumulation in the middle ear, leading to discomfort or temporary hearing problems.
Spread of Infection to Nearby Areas (Rare)
In severe or untreated cases, infection can rarely spread to nearby bone or eye regions; early evaluation helps prevent complications.
Sleep Disruption or Fatigue
Difficulty breathing through the nose may affect sleep quality, resulting in daytime tiredness and reduced concentration.
Epistaxis (Nosebleeds)
Inflamed nasal passages are more prone to irritation and occasional nosebleeds.
Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
Chronic congestion may cause swelling of the inferior turbinates, contributing to nasal blockage. This can be managed medically or, where required, surgically.
What are the Treatment Options for Sinusitis in Singapore
Medical Management
We understand that sinusitis can be extremely frustrating. After properly diagnosing your condition, we may initially recommend various non-surgical treatment methods, these include:
Antibiotics for bacterial sinusitis
Intranasal steroids
Intranasal antihistamines / decongestants
Oral antihistamines / decongestants
In more severe cases of sinus infection, or when non-surgical treatment methods have proven unsuccessful, our doctors may recommend:
- Sinus surgery
- Long-term intranasal steroids
- Biologic treatments for patients with nasal polyps
Surgical Treatment
If medical therapy is not effective, surgery may be considered. The most common procedure is Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS).
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
FESS is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at improving sinus drainage and ventilation. It is typically considered when:
- Chronic sinusitis does not improve with medication
- There are structural blockages, such as polyps or a deviated septum
The surgery involves using an endoscope to access and widen the sinus openings. Recovery is usually straightforward, though post-operative care is important to support healing.
Treatment plans, including surgical options, are determined after detailed consultation and evaluation of each patient’s condition.
What Are Some Uncommon Nasal And Sinus Conditions?
Nasal And Sinus Tumors
Sinus and nasal cavity tumors are most commonly benign (non-cancerous) and typically do not spread to other parts of the body. Malignant (cancerous) tumors are uncommon. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer found in the sinuses and nasal cavity. Other types of cancer include: adenocarcinoma, salivary gland cancers, lymphoma, melanoma and esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma). Some of these malignant tumors may invade areas adjacent to the sinuses and nasal cavity, such as the brain, eye and oral cavity.
Â
The diagnosis for a sinus tumor relies on a thorough history/physical examination, imaging studies and ultimately a biopsy of the mass. The biopsy is reviewed with a pathologist to determine the proper diagnosis.
Treatment of sinus tumors is coordinated with a variety of other physicians including ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons, medical and radiation oncologists when indicated. Treatment may include extensive sinus surgery with complex reconstructions, radiation and/or chemotherapy.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is fluid that provides nourishment and protection to the brain and spinal cord. It surrounds the brain and also helps cushion the it from potential injury. CSFÂ leaks occurs when this fluid leaks through a hole in the dura (the covering of the brain) and the bone of the skull. The fluid commonly drains from the nose depending on where this defect is located. The leak can be the result of trauma, prior surgery or can at times occur spontaneously without any identifiable cause.
Â
Patients with CSF leaks typically complain of clear, watery drainage usually only from one side of the nose. The drainage can worsen with tilting the head forward and/or straining. Other symptoms can include headaches, visual changes, and recurrent infections of the lining of the spinal cord (meningitis).
Â
If drainage can be collected it will be sent for laboratory testing to confirm that it is CSF. Imaging studies such as CT scans or MRI may be ordered for evaluation and assess the potential points of leakage.
Treatment can be either medical or surgical. Conservative treatment is usually recommended first in cases of spontaneous CSF leak or after head trauma. Surgical treatment of CSF leaks is used when conservative measures fail. Surgery can usually be performed using an endoscopic approach through the nostril often in conjunction with a neurosurgeon.
FAQs about Sinusitis in Singapore
1. Is sinusitis contagious?
Sinusitis itself is not contagious, but the viral infections that may cause it can be.
2. Can sinusitis go away without antibiotics?
Yes. Many cases of viral sinusitis resolve without antibiotics. Medication is usually prescribed if a bacterial infection is suspected.
3. How is chronic sinusitis different from acute sinusitis?
Chronic sinusitis lasts longer (more than 12 weeks) and often involves ongoing inflammation, whereas acute sinusitis is temporary.
4. What happens during a sinus consultation?
A consultation includes a review of symptoms, a physical examination, and, if needed, further diagnostic testing to assess the sinuses.
5. How Can I Prevent Sinus Infections?
Regular nasal hygiene, management of allergies, and avoiding prolonged exposure to pollutants or cigarette smoke may reduce recurrence. Seeking early evaluation for nasal blockage or allergies can also prevent chronic issues.
6. What Is the Best Doctor to See for Sinus Issues?
Patients experiencing persistent or recurrent sinus problems should consult an ENT specialist doctor who can perform a detailed assessment, diagnosis, and treatment.
If you are experiencing ongoing sinus discomfort, nasal congestion or suspect chronic sinusitis, you may wish to arrange a consultation. All treatment plans are developed under medical guidelines and tailored to individual needs.
Contact us to schedule an appointment with our sinus doctor in Singapore.
- Acute Sinusitis
- Sinus Infections
- Sinus Pressure and Pain
- Chronic Sinusitis and Polyps
- Nasal Polyps
- Nasal Congestion
- Postnasal Drip
- Taste and Smell Disorders
- Deviated Nasal Septum
- Broken Nose
Sinus Specialist/Surgeon in Singapore
If your symptoms persist last > 10 days, persistent facial pain/pressure, or ineffective relief from medications, it may be helpful to consult a nasal specialist for an evaluation. Dr Leslie Koh sees patients at Mount Alvernia Hospital.