Why Do My Ears Hurt When I Fly? ENT Advice for Travellers
Medically Reviewed By:
Dr Leslie Koh
M.B;B.S. (Singapore), MRCS (ENT) Edinburgh, M. Med (ORL), FAMS
Key Takeaways
- Rapid air pressure changes during flights can cause discomfort or temporary hearing issues, especially during take-off and landing.
- The Eustachian tube plays a critical role in equalising pressure inside the ears, and its function can be affected by congestion, allergies, or infections.
- Preventative steps, such as chewing gum, using nasal sprays, or staying awake during descent, can help reduce pressure-related symptoms.
- Persistent or severe symptoms after flying may signal an underlying issue and should be reviewed by a specialist, particularly for frequent travellers.
Introduction
Many individuals experience pain, pressure, or muffled hearing during take-off or landing. This is often due to a condition commonly referred to as ‘aeroplane ear’ or barotrauma, which occurs when the pressure in the middle ear does not equalise with the pressure in the cabin. While the discomfort usually resolves after landing, some individuals may experience symptoms that persist or become more pronounced.
This article examines the causes of ear pain when flying, potential steps to alleviate discomfort, and when it may be advisable to consult a medical professional.
What Causes That Popping or Pressure Sensation?
The sensation of ears popping during a flight is caused by rapid changes in cabin pressure. As the plane ascends or descends, the surrounding air pressure shifts. If the ears are unable to adjust quickly enough, this can result in a feeling of fullness, temporary changes in hearing, or discomfort.
This happens when the pressure inside the middle ear does not match the pressure outside. The eardrum may become stretched or compressed, which interferes with its ability to vibrate normally and affects how sound is perceived.
Why This Matters: If the ears are repeatedly exposed to pressure changes without equalising properly, it may contribute to irritation or fluid build-up, especially in individuals with sinus congestion or sensitivity.
How the Eustachian Tube Helps Regulate Ear Pressure
The Eustachian tube is a small passage that links the middle ear to the back of the nose and upper throat. Its primary role is to equalise air pressure on both sides of the eardrum. Movements such as swallowing, yawning, or chewing naturally open the tube, allowing air to flow in or out of the middle ear.
When the tube is blocked or not functioning well, air becomes trapped in the middle ear. This can lead to a feeling of pressure, fullness, or reduced hearing. Blockages often happen when the nasal passages or sinuses are inflamed, such as during a cold or allergy flare-up.
Why Some People Are More Prone to Discomfort
Individuals with nasal congestion are more likely to experience ear pain when flying. This may be due to a cold, sinus infection, recent ear infection, or underlying allergies that affect airflow through the Eustachian tube.
In Singapore, prolonged exposure to air conditioning, environmental haze, or dust mites can trigger nose allergy symptoms. These issues may not seem significant on a day-to-day basis but can become more noticeable during changes in cabin pressure.
Pro Tip: If you frequently experience sinus congestion, consulting a sinus doctor in Singapore before your flight may help reduce the likelihood of ear-related discomfort during travel.
Ways to Prevent or Reduce Discomfort During a Flight
Several simple techniques can help the ears adjust more comfortably to pressure changes during air travel:
- Swallow, yawn, or chew gum during take-off and landing to encourage pressure equalisation
- Try the Valsalva manoeuvre: gently blow while pinching your nose and keeping your mouth closed
- Stay awake during ascent and descent, as being alert makes it easier to manage symptoms
- Use a decongestant nasal spray 30 to 60 minutes before flying if you’re feeling congested, but avoid prolonged use
- Consider filtered earplugs, which help slow pressure changes in the ear
Why This Matters: These strategies can be beneficial for frequent travellers or those with chronic nasal congestion. Taking proactive steps during a flight may reduce the chances of developing ear pain when flying and help prevent symptoms from persisting after landing.
When to Consider Seeing a Specialist
In most situations, symptoms settle within a few hours after landing. However, if you notice persistent pain, changes in hearing, ringing in the ears, or dizziness that continues for more than a couple of days, it could suggest barotrauma or fluid accumulation in the middle ear.
It may also be helpful to consult an ENT doctor if the discomfort returns on every flight or if frequent travel is exacerbating symptoms.
Pro Tip: For those with ongoing sinus or ear concerns, a pre-flight assessment at a specialist clinic can help identify any underlying issues and reduce the likelihood of pressure-related symptoms during air travel.
What You Can Do About Ear Pain When Flying
Ear pain when flying is a common issue, but it is often manageable with proper preparation and planning. Understanding how pressure changes affect the ears and taking steps to support Eustachian tube function can help reduce discomfort during air travel.
If your symptoms are recurring or slow to resolve, Dr Leslie Koh provides careful assessment at his ENT clinic in Singapore. From professional ear cleaning to support with sinus or nasal conditions, you can explore practical options before your next flight.
Book a consultation today to understand what may be causing your symptoms and explore suitable ways to travel more comfortably.